Caves and Ruins at Penjdeh

Governance in the Ruins

Song Among the Ruins

American distress at the horrors produced by the atomic bombs released on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 generated a laudable desire to salvage something positive from the damage. Immediately after the war, the American government sent survey teams to the bombed cities to evaluate the extent and nature of the damage. An account of those early days has appeared in The Yale Journal [ 1,2]. The re...

[And new life blossoms from the ruins].

Comment on ‘‘coastal Caves in Bahamian Eolian Calcarenites: Differentiating between Sea Caves and Flank Margin Caves Using Quantitative Morphology’’

Waterstrat et al. (JCKS (2010), 72 (2) 61–74) compared means of geometric measurements of sea and flank margin caves with the Student t-test and concluded that these different types of caves could be ‘‘statistically differentiated.’’ However, their use of the t-test is dependent on the data being normally distributed. The data that were analyzed, cave area to perimeter ratio, entrance-width to ...

Entranceless and Fractal Caves Revisited

Cave geometric properties have been studied between 1958 and today as statistical or fractal objects. These studies have divulged some degree of order in such properties as the distribution of cave lengths in a region and the distribution of cave passage sizes, and exhibiting some degree of self-similarity, suggesting a fractal nature, or moderate departures from self-similarity, suggesting geo...